The nicotine extraction and pH measurements were conducted at room temperature. Nicotine was extracted from moist snuff by using methyl tertbutyl ether, and tobacco extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the nicotine content. Total moisture content (water and tobacco constituents that are volatile at 211.1 F ) was obtained by calculating the weight difference in 5 g of tobacco before and after 3 hours of oven drying at 211.1 F (99.5 C). The pH was obtained by suspending 2 g of moist snuff in 10 mL distilled water. Samples were stored in their original containers at -95.8 F (-71 C) until tested. The pH, nicotine, and total moisture content in samples of the six products were analyzed at CDC using a federal standard protocol** (4). moist snuff brands sold in the United States during 1997 (3). These products were Copenhagen Snuff, Skoal Bandits Straight, Skoal Bandits Wintergreen, Skoal Long Cut Wintergreen, Kodiak Wintergreen, and Hawken Wintergreen,* and were chosen to reflect a cross-section of products from the five leading U.S. This report summarizes the results of the analysis, which indicate that the pH, amount of nicotine, and moisture vary widely among brands.ĭuring January 5-February 7, 1999, University of Miami staff and affiliated persons bought six smokeless tobacco products from stores in Daytona Beach, Fort Myers, Miami, Orlando, Tallahassee, and Tampa/St. Officials in Florida requested CDC assistance in analyzing six moist snuff products to measure three factors that affect their nicotine dose: pH, nicotine content, and moisture content. Despite these adverse effects, smokeless tobacco is used commonly in the United States by young people, especially male high school students (2). The use of smokeless tobacco (moist snuff and chewing tobacco) can cause oral cancer and precancerous oral lesions (leukoplakia) and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and nicotine addiction (1). Commercial Moist Snuff Products - Florida, January-February 1999 Determination of Nicotine, pH, and Moisture Content of Six U.S. For assistance, please send e-mail to: Type 508 Accommodation and the title of the report in the subject line of e-mail. Save your time and money.Įxpress your appreciation for the place you like with a comment, express your dissatisfaction with the place you don't like with a score, and add your own photos and record every place you go on your trip.Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. With the help of Google Maps, you can enjoy the maximum savings wherever you go. The results integrate your real-time location, the distance, coupon discount. Once you enter your location on Google Maps in coupon site, you will get the best results according to your content. In August 2013, it was determined to be the world's most popular app for smartphones, with over 54% of global smartphone owners using it at least once. Google Maps for Android and iOS devices was released in September 2008 and features GPS turn-by-turn navigation along with dedicated parking assistance features. You can also allow the Google Maps app to access your Android and iPhone address books to quickly find saved addresses. And because Google Maps reroutes based on real-time traffic, drivers can complete trips faster and get more rides in.Īll you need to do is to save your home and office addresses in Google Maps, and the system will automatically fill them in as you type, speeding up your search. Drivers can rely on the Google Maps experience they’re used to, including intuitive turn-by-turn navigation, route overviews, lane level guidance, and voice support. Instead of having to switch back and forth between apps, drivers efficiently control their queue and see passenger info all in one place, making it easier to manage rides and get to where they’re going. Give your drivers seamless experiences by integrating turn-by-turn navigation powered by Google Maps right into your app. Help your drivers get from point A to Z faster and safer Watch the Milky Way, stop on Mars, and take in the moon's surface.
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